Bladder Battles: Common Urological Issues and How to Manage Them

If you’re experiencing an issue with your bladder or urological tract, you’re not alone. Bladder problems can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but they are not uncommon. Each year, millions of Americans visit a healthcare provider seeking treatment or diagnosis for a bladder problem.  

Urological and bladder issues can also become more common as you age. Understanding common bladder issues, their symptoms, and how to manage them, is a great first step for managing your bladder health. 

In this post, we’ll cover the most common bladder issues. We’ll also give suggestions for how to manage them and when to seek treatment.  

Signs of a Bladder Problem

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms below, it may be a sign of a urinary condition.  

• Frequent urination 

• Incontinence 

• Pain before, during, or after urination 

• Blood in the urine 

• Cloudy or foamy urine 

• Difficulty urinating or emptying the bladder 

These symptoms may also be signs of a more severe health problem, like diabetes, stroke, or cancer.  
 
So, it’s important to talk to your primary care provider to rule out larger health problems.  

Depending on your diagnosis, they may recommend that you schedule an appointment with a urologist.  

4 Common Bladder Issues 

Below are four common bladder issues that may warrant medical treatment.

1) Overactive Bladder 

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition that causes sudden and frequent urges to urinate that can sometimes lead to the loss of bladder control (e.g., incontinence). According to Yale Medicine, 30% of men and 40% of women experience overactive bladder.   

Overactive bladder can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as:  

• Aging 

• Diabetes 

• Caffeine or alcohol consumption 

• Smoking 

• Enlarged prostate 

• Neurological disorders 

 OAB is not a disease, but a set of urinary symptoms. Many people live with OAB and never seek the advice of a doctor.  

 But there are treatments available for overactive bladder that can reduce symptoms and lead to a better quality of life. Lifestyle changes can also lead to stronger bladder health.

2) Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control. It can result in large or small amounts of urine leakage. About 25 million people in the United States are diagnosed with incontinence. It may be temporary or chronic, but incontinence is most common in seniors.  

 Urinary incontinence may be caused by a variety of conditions, such as: 

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) 

• Kidney Stones 

• Diabetes 

• Certain medications 

• Pelvic floor disorders 

 If incontinence is the result of an infection, it is most often treated with antibiotics. If it is the result of kidney stones, a surgical procedure may be in order. 

It’s important to speak to your doctor if you are experiencing incontinence. Although an embarrassing problem, it may be treatable.

3) Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) 

A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection of any part of the urinary system, such as the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra. It can cause frequent urges to urinate and painful urination. UTIs are most common in the lower urinary tract, and women experience UTIs more often than men. 

UTIs are caused by microorganisms or bacteria that enter the urinary tract (e.g., ecoli). They are most often treated with antibiotics and symptoms usually resolve within a few days. 

However, recurring UTIs may be cause for more concern. It’s important to talk to your healthcare provider if you are repeatedly developing these infections. 

4) Bladder Stones 

Bladder stones are hard masses of minerals that form in the bladder. They are caused by concentrated urine and can lead to infection, pain, and blocked urine flow. They are most common in individuals who cannot completely empty their bladder.  

Bladder stones are commonly diagnosed via ultrasound or a cystoscopy, a device that allows urologists to see inside the bladder.  

Bladder stones can sometimes go away on their own, but resolving large bladder stones may require a surgical procedure. 

How to Manage Bladder Problems 

The first step in managing any bladder problem is to visit your primary healthcare provider.  

They can help rule out any larger health problems like cancer or diabetes. They can also diagnose bladder, kidney, or urinary tract issues that may require medical or surgical treatment. 

Next, take the below steps to improve your overall bladder health.  

• Exercise regularly and keep a healthy weight 

• Be in a relaxed position when urinating and make sure to fully empty your bladder 

• Drink enough water and fluids 

• Watch your diet and limit alcohol and caffeine 

• Know your medications and their potential side effects 

• Quit smoking 

• Do pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles 

• Urinate after sex 

Being proactive about your urinary health can lead to a better quality of life and fewer recurrences of bladder problems. 

Seek Out Care for Bladder Battles 

Speaking to a urologist may be the right first step in resolving your bladder battles. They can make recommendations for the best treatment options. 

If you live in Oklahoma and are experiencing any of the symptoms or conditions listed in this article, reach out to schedule an appointment.  

4 Common Urological Concerns in Pregnancy: And What to Do About Them

Some of the changes your body goes through during pregnancy can put pressure on your urinary system. This can lead to a variety of discomforts – some of which are to be expected, while others may need medical attention.

Let’s look at four common urological concerns in pregnancy and what to do about them. We’ll also share a few best practices for preventing urinary problems. Keep in mind that this is intended to be general information only and shouldn’t be a substitute for medical advice. Please reach out to your doctor if you have questions about your health. 

Concern #1 – Frequent Urination 

Frequent urination can often be one of the earliest signs of pregnancy. Here’s what’s happening: your body starts producing hCG, a hormone that enhances blood flow to the pelvic region. This surge in circulation feeds the development of the growing baby and supporting organs. However, it also means that your kidneys become more efficient than usual, leading to more frequent bathroom trips.

As pregnancy progresses, additional factors come into play. The expanding uterus begins to put pressure on the bladder, contributing further to the need for frequent urination. Additionally, as you near delivery, the baby "drops" into position, intensifying this pressure. 

While frequent urination may be inconvenient, it's generally considered a normal aspect of pregnancy. However, it’s important to attend your prenatal checkups to ensure nothing else is causing the frequency change. 

Concern #2 – Urinary Tract Infections 
During pregnancy, you’re at an increased risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI). There are a couple reasons for this:  

1. Hormonal changes can affect the urinary tract function. 

2. Urinary retention, likely due to pressure from the uterus. 

UTIs can cause significant discomfort, including frequent urination and a burning sensation when you pee.   

Untreated UTIs can lead to more serious infections that may harm both the mother and baby. So, it’s important to seek prompt medical care if you suspect you have one. The good news is that most UTIs are easily resolved with antibiotics.  

Concern #3 – Urinary Incontinence  

Pregnancy can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, leading to stress incontinence. If you have this condition, you might find you leak a small amount of urine during activities such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing.  

A few things you could try to help include:  

• Practice pelvic floor exercises 

• Wear absorbent pads  

• Keep an extra pair of underwear with you 

• Limit coffee 

• Avoid constipation  

If the incontinence persists past pregnancy, you could consider discussing incontinence treatment options with a urologist.  

Concern #4 – Kidney Stones  

Pregnancy increases your chances of kidney stones, most likely because of your body’s hormonal and anatomical changes. The risk is greatest the closer you get to childbirth.  

And the risk may persist after delivery. Research conducted by the Mayo Clinic revealed that a woman may have heightened kidney stone risk up to a year following pregnancy. The theory is that stones may develop during pregnancy and remain asymptomatic until after childbirth. 

Diagnosing and treating kidney stones during pregnancy is complicated. Radiation is often used to detect stones, and surgery is a common treatment method. Neither of these are safe options during pregnancy. Many doctors advise their patients to pass stones naturally.  

Preventive Urinary Care During Pregnancy  

If you’re pregnant, there are a few steps you can take to prevent or minimize some of these common urinary ailments. 

Here’s what you can do: 

1. Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of water will support healthy urinary tract function and flush out bacteria. This can help prevent UTIs. 

2. Urinate frequently and fully. Don’t hold your urine when you feel the urge to go. And once you’re there, relax and make sure to completely empty your bladder.  

3. Maintain good hygiene. After using the toilet, make sure to wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.  

4. Wear loose, breathable clothing. Tight fitting clothes can create a warm, moist environment that promotes bacterial growth, which can trigger a UTI. 

5. Keep all prenatal care visits. Your regular prenatal checkups provide a chance for your doctor to monitor your health and for you to bring up any concerns you might have.  

When to see a doctor  

Body changes are part of a normal, healthy pregnancy. Some of these changes are welcome and exciting, while others – such as urinary concerns, may be uncomfortable. If you have questions about symptoms you’re experiencing, contact a urologist.  

The Norman Urology team is pleased to offer compassionate care for pregnant patients. Please call us today.

A Guide for Protecting Your Kidney Health: Facts, Signs, and Prevention

Your kidneys play an important role in your urinary system and overall health. Understanding their function can help you identify signs of kidney disease and take important steps toward prevention.  

In this post, we will discuss common risk factors and signs associated with kidney disease. Plus, we suggest multiple ways you can protect your kidney health through a healthy lifestyle and proactive medical care. 

Kidney Health Facts 

According to the Center for Disease Control, 1 in 7 Adults in the United States are believed to have chronic kidney disease.  

Of those adults, 9 in 10 do not know that they have the condition.  

Early signs of chronic kidney disease are difficult to recognize. By the time kidney disease is detected, individuals often require more advanced treatments like dialysis or a transplant. 

As a result, it is important to be aware of common risk factors and symptoms of unhealthy kidneys. Also, to be proactive about protecting your kidney health through a healthy lifestyle and regular visits to your primary care physician. 

Common Risk Factors 

Certain factors may make individuals more at risk of experiencing kidney problems. Those risks include: 

• Age 60 or older 

• Diabetes 

• Obesity 

• Family history of kidney disease 

• Chronic Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) 

• High blood pressure 

• Individuals born pre-term or with a low birth weight 

• Cardiovascular disease 

If you have any of the risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease, it is important to share this information with your medical provider.  

You may benefit from a yearly kidney function test depending on your age and risk factors. 

Signs of Unhealthy Kidneys 

Early signs of chronic kidney disease are difficult to detect. But the most common signs will be visible via changes to your urinary system. Such as: 

• Painful urination 

• Blood in urine (pink or dark in color) 

• Increased urge to urinate 

• Increased thirst 

• Foamy urine 

If you are experiencing any of the above signs of unhealthy kidney function, reach out to a medical provider immediately. 

Kidney Health and Kidney Stones 

Studies have shown an association between a history of kidney stones and the progression of chronic kidney disease (PubMed). 

If you have experienced a kidney stone, you are more at risk of developing another, and may be at an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. 

However, kidney stones can also be an inherited condition. Not all people who experience kidney stones have long-term kidney problems.  

But if you are developing stones, it’s important to talk to a professional about kidney treatments and prevention 

Kidney Disease Prevention Tips 

Below are several tips you can follow to protect your kidney health.  

1. Regular Exercise  

Regular exercise and daily physical activity are important for all areas of health, and your kidneys are no exception.  

Aerobic exercises like walking, running, swimming, and biking can help individuals maintain a healthy body weight and control blood pressure. Low-resistance strength training can also help keep your muscles strong and prevent injury that leads to a sedentary lifestyle. 

But if you have already been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, your physical activity may be limited. It’s important to consult your doctor before performing any strenuous activity. 

2. Stay Hydrated 

One of the most common reasons for the formation of kidney stones is a lack of water in the body. Hydration is a simple, but crucial step toward protecting your kidney health. 

How much water you need will depend on your biological sex and body weight. There is no single answer for how much water to drink daily, but a general recommendation is: 

• For men: About 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) per day 

• For women: About 11.5 cups (2.7 liters) per day 

3. Quit Smoking 

Smoking can harm your kidneys in multiple ways. It can increase your risk of developing kidney cancer, lead to increased blood pressure, and cause long term damage to your cardiovascular system. 

It can also impact the effectiveness of specific medications and treatments for chronic kidney disease, which can accelerate the progression of the disease and impact eligibility for a transplant (if one is required). 

 If you need help quitting smoking, talk to your primary care physician or renal nurse for recommendations and support. 

4. Manage Your Blood Sugar 

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney failure. High glucose levels place extra strain on the kidneys, which can lead to long-term damage. 

If you are diabetic, maintaining healthy blood sugar levels can be a more complex and challenging task. Make sure to discuss with your physician how to best manage blood sugar levels through medication or lifestyle changes. 

5. Get a Kidney Function Test 

A medical exam is the best way to confirm that your kidneys are in good health.  

Your medical provider may issue a kidney function test. These are tests that evaluate how well the kidneys are working.  

There are three main types of tests that you may be issued to confirm your kidney health: 

• Blood Pressure Test: High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney failure. High blood pressure may be a sign of chronic kidney problems 

• Urine Test: This text checks for traces of the protein albumin in the urine, which is an early sign of kidney disease 

• Blood Test: A Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. A low rate can indicate kidney disease 

If you are experiencing any of the risk or symptoms of kidney disease discussed in this post, consider requesting one of the above tests from your primary care physician.  

Be Proactive About Kidney Health 

Regular visits to a medical provider are important for detecting kidney problems early on and identifying necessary prevention steps or treatment plans. 

Your medical provider may make a recommendation to see a nephrologist or a urologist, depending on your symptoms or risk factors. 

Urologists specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of diseases that affect the kidneys, like kidney stones or obstructions.  

If you are in Oklahoma and have been encouraged to see a urologist for kidney health concerns, contact us to schedule a consultation. 

4 Common Pregnancy Urologic Problems

Some of the changes your body goes through during pregnancy can put pressure on your urinary system. This can lead to a variety of discomforts – some of which are to be expected, while others may need medical attention. 

Let’s look at four common urological concerns in pregnancy and what to do about them. We’ll also share a few best practices for preventing urinary problems. Keep in mind that this is intended to be general information only and shouldn’t be a substitute for medical advice. Please reach out to your doctor if you have questions about your health.  

Concern #1 – Frequent Urination 

Frequent urination can often be one of the earliest signs of pregnancy. Here’s what’s happening: your body starts producing hCG, a hormone that enhances blood flow to the pelvic region. This surge in circulation feeds the development of the growing baby and supporting organs. However, it also means that your kidneys become more efficient than usual, leading to more frequent bathroom trips. 

As pregnancy progresses, additional factors come into play. The expanding uterus begins to put pressure on the bladder, contributing further to the need for frequent urination. Additionally, as you near delivery, the baby "drops" into position, intensifying this pressure. 

While frequent urination may be inconvenient, it's generally considered a normal aspect of pregnancy. However, it’s important to attend your prenatal checkups to ensure nothing else is causing the frequency change. 

Concern #2 – Urinary Tract Infections 

During pregnancy, you’re at an increased risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI). There are a couple reasons for this:  

1. Hormonal changes can affect the urinary tract function. 

1. Urinary retention, likely due to pressure from the uterus. 

UTIs can cause significant discomfort, including frequent urination and a burning sensation when you pee.  

Untreated UTIs can lead to more serious infections that may harm both the mother and baby. So, it’s important to seek prompt medical care if you suspect you have one. The good news is that most UTIs are easily resolved with antibiotics.  

Concern #3 – Urinary Incontinence  

Pregnancy can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, leading to stress incontinence. If you have this condition, you might find you leak a small amount of urine during activities such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing.  

A few things you could try to help include: 

• Practice pelvic floor exercises 

• Wear absorbent pads  

• Keep an extra pair of underwear with you 

• Limit coffee 

• Avoid constipation  

If the incontinence persists past pregnancy, you could consider discussing incontinence treatment options with a urologist.  

Concern #4 – Kidney Stones  

Pregnancy increases your chances of kidney stones, most likely because of your body’s hormonal and anatomical changes. The risk is greatest the closer you get to childbirth.  

And the risk may persist after delivery. Research conducted by the Mayo Clinic revealed that a woman may have heightened kidney stone risk up to a year following pregnancy. The theory is that stones may develop during pregnancy and remain asymptomatic until after childbirth. 

Diagnosing and treating kidney stones during pregnancy is complicated. Radiation is often used to detect stones, and surgery is a common treatment method. Neither of these are safe options during pregnancy. Many doctors advise their patients to pass stones naturally.

Preventive Urinary Care During Pregnancy  

If you’re pregnant, there are a few steps you can take to prevent or minimize some of these common urinary ailments. 

Here’s what you can do: 

1. Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of water will support healthy urinary tract function and flush out bacteria. This can help prevent UTIs. 

2. Urinate frequently and fully. Don’t hold your urine when you feel the urge to go. And once you’re there, relax and make sure to completely empty your bladder.  

3. Maintain good hygiene. After using the toilet, make sure to wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.  

4. Wear loose, breathable clothing. Tight fitting clothes can create a warm, moist environment that promotes bacterial growth, which can trigger a UTI. 

5. Keep all prenatal care visits. Your regular prenatal checkups provide a chance for your doctor to monitor your health and for you to bring up any concerns you might have.  

When to see a doctor  

Body changes are part of a normal, healthy pregnancy. Some of these changes are welcome and exciting, while others – such as urinary concerns, may be uncomfortable. If you have questions about symptoms you’re experiencing, contact a urologist.  

The Norman Urology team is pleased to offer compassionate care for pregnant patients. Please call us today.  

7 Tips for Promoting Bladder Health

Your bladder plays a crucial role in your overall well-being, and taking care of its health involves more than just keeping bathroom breaks in check. In this post, we’ll share seven essential tips that can make a significant difference for your bladder health. Putting these tips into place can help improve urinary control and reduce your risk of infections.  

Tip #1 – Maintain good overall health  

When it comes to bladder health, start by assessing your overall health. Many basic, healthy practices will help support proper urinary function. These include:   

• Keeping a healthy weight. 

• Exercising regularly.  

• Maintaining normal blood pressure.  

• Eating a healthy diet.  

Tip #2 – Practice good urinary habits 

When’s the last time you considered your urinary habits or discussed them with a doctor? While there is often stigma around these topics, it’s important to foster open conversations. Doing so will empower you to make informed decisions about your health.   

Here are some good urinary habits to put into place:  

• Do not hold your urine when you feel the urge to go. Contrary to what you may think, delaying urination won’t strengthen your bladder muscles – it weakens them.  

• Make sure you fully void when you urinate. We’re often in a rush in life but take a minute to relax and make sure you’ve fully emptied your bladder. Failing to do so can lead to UTIs or weaker bladder muscles over time. 

• Urinate after sex. Sexual activity can introduce fecal bacteria into the urethra, which can trigger a UTI. Urinating is a simple way to flush bacteria out.  

• For women, make sure to wipe from front to back. This prevents the introduction of bacteria into the urethra.  

These simple measures will go far to help you prevent concerns such as bladder infections and dysfunction.   

Tip #3 – Stay hydrated 

Staying hydrated is not only good for your overall health, but it can also help reduce your risk of UTIs, kidney stones, and other urinary concerns.  

How much water should you drink? The Mayo Clinic recommends that an average adult male drink 15.5 cups of water per daily, and females, 11.5 cups. This total includes water from everything you consume in a day, including all drinks and food. In other words, you probably don’t need to chug 15.5 cups of plain water to get to that total. A good rule of thumb is that your urine should be very pale in color.  

Here's one more tip: it’s a good idea to make sure you’ve completed your hydration for the day a couple hours before you go to bed. After that? You could find yourself needing to get up throughout the night.  

Tip #4 – Stop smoking 

We often associate smoking with lung cancer – but did you know smoking is also the #1 cause of bladder cancer?  

One of the best steps you can take for your bladder health is to quit smoking.  

Tip #5 – Limit certain food and drinks 

Certain foods and drinks may increase your need to urinate or cause irritation. These will vary from person to person. However, there are a few common culprits, including:  

• Caffeine 

• Alcohol  

• Carbonated beverages  

• Citrus foods  

• Tomatoes 

• Spicy foods  

Pay attention to how your body reacts to certain food and beverages. While you may not need to cut them out of your diet entirely, you may find moderating intake decreases your bathroom trips.  

Tip #6 – Pelvic floor exercises 

Pelvic floor exercises, commonly known as Kegel exercises, involve contracting and relaxing the muscles that support the bladder, urethra, and rectum. Contrary to popular thought, Kegel exercises are not gender exclusive. While they are particularly helpful for women dealing with urinary incontinence, especially after childbirth, men can also benefit. This is particularly true for men dealing with incontinence or post-prostate surgery issues. 

In brief, here’s the process: 

• Situate yourself comfortably. Stand, sit, or lie down – whatever is most comfortable to you.  

• Identify your pelvic floor muscles. For women, you might imagine tightening your vagina around a tampon. For men, imagine preventing gas from passing.  

• Contract and relax. Contract your pelvic floor muscles for a count of three, and then relax for three.  

• Aim for 30-40 repetitions daily. It’s most effective to spread the repetitions out over your day. Break into 3-4 sessions of 10. 

It may take a few months of consistent practice to see a reduction in symptoms, so be patient.  

Tip #7 – If something is “off,” don’t delay medical care 

Anytime you notice a change in your urinary tract health or sense that something isn’t right – reach out to a medical professional.  

It may be tempting to write off your concern or wait to see if it gets worse. Remember, it’s always in your best interest to get early intervention when it comes to your health. Chances are you’ll have more options for a quicker recovery the sooner you get checked out. 

We’re Here if You Have Questions 

Incorporating these tips into your daily routine will not only promote a healthier bladder but also prevent common urinary ailments.  

However, we recognize that you may have concerns beyond what we’ve shared in this post. When you’re facing a specific concern about your bladder health? We’re here to help. Our team of urologists have experience with a wide range of clinical problems involving the bladder and kidneys. Our specialty covers both male and female urinary tract concerns. 

We’d be happy to help answer your bladder concerns. Reach out to our clinic today.  

Alcohol and Your Kidney Health: Here’s What to Know

Drinking alcohol impacts many organs and body systems, including your kidneys. While an occasional drink is OK for most healthy adults, heavy consumption can have negative consequences. In this post, we’ll take a closer look at how alcohol affects your kidney health. 

Please note that we’re providing this overview to give you general information on this topic. If you have specific concerns or questions? Always talk to a qualified healthcare professional. 

How Alcohol Impacts Your Kidneys’ Function 

Your kidneys are complex, performing several important jobs to keep you healthy. They do far more than produce urine. Unfortunately, alcohol has the potential to interfere with each of these functions.  

Here’s more on how alcohol disrupts kidneys’ processes: 

Filter Waste from Your Blood  

Kidneys act as filters, removing harmful toxins from your bloodstream. Not surprisingly, your kidneys register alcohol as a toxin. So when you drink that margarita? You’ve added to their workload.  

But what happens if you have an evening of heavy binge drinking? In that case, your kidneys might not clear the toxins fast enough. When this happens, you could develop an acute kidney injury. This serious condition will likely need prompt medical attention. 

Regulate the Balance of Water and Minerals  

Kidneys are also responsible for helping balance water and minerals throughout your bloodstream. When you drink alcohol, your body loses more water through urination than it takes in. This dehydrating effect can create an electrolyte imbalance, disrupting your body's systems.   

Produce Hormones  

Your kidneys are also hormone-producing powerhouses. These hormones help stimulate red blood cell growth and regulate blood pressure. Too much alcohol can interfere with these key processes.  

How Alcohol Can Indirectly Impact Your Kidneys 

We’ve seen how alcohol can directly damage your kidneys. But alcohol can also harm other body organs which can impair renal function.  

Here are a few examples:  

• Liver. When you think of chronic alcohol use, the liver probably comes to mind. That’s because the liver is the primary organ responsible for breaking down alcohol in your body. Chronic alcohol consumption damages the liver, causing conditions such as cirrhosis. As a result, a dysfunctional liver can disrupt healthy kidney functions.

• Cardiovascular System. Excessive alcohol can trigger high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, and heart disease. These conditions place undue stress on your kidneys. For instance, high blood pressure can damage blood vessels in your kidneys. In turn, this affects their ability to filter your blood.

• Pancreas. Pancreatitis is a serious condition when your pancreas becomes inflamed. One of the risk factors for pancreatitis is chronic alcohol consumption. Pancreatitis can release enzymes that may damage nearby organs, including your kidneys.

How Much Alcohol is Too Much?  

You might wonder if you can continue to enjoy a glass of wine with dinner or your favorite craft IPA. The answer will depend on a few things, including your current health.

Here are some general recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC):  

• If you choose to drink, limit your intake to no more than two drinks for men and one drink for women.  

• One drink is 12 ounces of beer, 8 ounces of malt liquor, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirit.  

• If you don’t currently drink alcohol, there’s no good reason to start. 

• Drinking less is always preferable to drinking more.  

Finally, some people should never drink. For instance, you should abstain if you are pregnant or under the age of 21. If you are being treated for a kidney-specific condition, please talk to your doctor about your alcohol intake.   

Concerned About Your Kidney Health? 

If you have specific concerns about alcohol and your kidney health, it’s best to get personal medical care. Our team of experienced, compassionate urologists are here to assist you. Please reach out to schedule an appointment today.  

The Connection Between Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Sexual Dysfunction

A pelvic organ prolapse can be one of the most uncomfortable conditions a woman can experience. It can significantly impact your self-esteem and your love life, leaving you feeling awkward and uncomfortable in your body. 

However, though it might feel like an impossible hurdle to overcome, there are treatment options, and you can still have a satisfactory sex life after prolapse. In this article, we’ll walk you through what pelvic organ prolapse is, how it can impact sexual function, and the treatment options available. 

What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

The pelvic organs include the bladder, vagina, uterus, and rectum. These organs are typically supported and held in place by the group of tissues and muscles that make up the pelvic floor. Over time, the pelvic floor muscles can weaken, which can result in the pelvic organs dropping down and bulging out of the vagina. This condition is what is known as pelvic organ prolapse (POP). 

While anyone can technically experience POP, the risk is higher for women or those assigned female at birth. Up to 50% of women develop pelvic organ prolapse over their lifetime. About 6% of those ages 20–29 are affected, 31% of women ages 50–59, and 50% of women who develop POP are 80 years of age or older.  

There is a wide range of symptoms associated with pelvic organ prolapse, which can include:

• A feeling of fullness in the vagina or a sensation of a bulge

• Lower back pain

• Pain or pressure in the pelvis

• Urinary issues, such as leaking or feeling like you have to go all the time

• Difficulty with bowel movements

• Discomfort, numbness, or pain during sex

How Can Pelvic Organ Prolapse Affect Sexual Function?

Because of the pain that can accompany sexual intercourse with POP, along with the many other symptoms, it is not uncommon for women to experience sexual dysfunction. Those with POP are more likely to restrict or avoid sex out of fear of pain and incontinence and owing to a perceived loss of attractiveness. 

It is believed that sexual dysfunction is high in women with POP, with reports showing between 50 and 83%. This is related to the physical presence of the prolapse, the pain it can cause, the associated bowel and bladder dysfunction, and how it affects women psychologically.

Pain during sex due to the dryness of the protruding tissue and the mispositioned pelvic organ is one of the most common reasons women avoid sex with a prolapse. The pelvic floor muscles can also become overly tight with POP, making penetration difficult.

Women with pelvic organ prolapse may also experience reduced sexual desire and arousal because they are constantly worried about the appearance of their genitalia or even leaking urine or stool during sex. As the pelvic floor muscles play a crucial role in orgasms, POP may also impair the ability to achieve orgasm. 

Are There Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Treatment options can vary for pelvic organ prolapse and can depend on each patient’s situation. Nonsurgical treatments can include pelvic floor therapy, vaginal pessaries (a removable silicone device that can hold sagging organs in place), and hormone treatments. If those don’t work, a couple of different surgery options are available.

Again, the recommended treatment will depend on a patient’s situation, such as the severity of their prolapse, the symptoms they experience, and their overall health. The best way to determine the options that are right for you is to speak with a doctor. 

Schedule an Appointment With Norman Urology Associates

If you have or think you might have pelvic organ prolapse and it is affecting your sex life, don’t hesitate to set up an appointment to speak with your doctor. 

At Norman Urology, our team is dedicated to providing our patients with the highest level of care. We have extensive experience detecting, treating, and preventing many urologic diseases, including POP, and can walk you through your options. 

Schedule an appointment today to speak to one of our experts about your pelvic floor issues.

De-Mystifying Vasectomies: Everything You’ve Wanted to Know — And Why You Shouldn’t Be Anxious to Talk to Your Urologist

Whether you have decided that you never want to have children or you already have a family and don’t want to have any more children, a vasectomy may be right for you. Still, even if you know that a vasectomy is something you want, it’s normal to have some anxiety or even feel scared about the procedure. 

However, you should know that vasectomies are a safe, minimally invasive procedure and one of the most reliable forms of permanent birth control. If you have any fears or if anything is holding you back, we are here to provide you with everything you need to know to make a more informed decision.

What is a Vasectomy?

A vasectomy is considered a form of male birth control that works by cutting off the supply of sperm to your semen. It is done by cutting and sealing the vas deferens (tubes that carry sperm). The testes will still produce sperm, but as the sperm have nowhere to go, they will die and be absorbed by the body. 

According to the Cleveland Clinic, more than half a million vasectomies are performed each year, making this a common procedure. While all procedures come with risks, vasectomies are considered a safe and effective procedure. 

Only about 1% to 2% of those who have the procedure will experience complications such as ongoing pain or discomfort, but this is easily treated with anti-inflammatory medications, like ibuprofen. Additionally, only around 1 out of 2,000 people will get pregnant after their partners have had a vasectomy. 

What to Expect After a Vasectomy

After the procedure, you can expect the scrotum to be numb for a few hours. Mild discomfort, pain, and swelling are also normal but should clear up within a few days. Over-the-counter pain medication and cold packs are often used to ease discomfort. 

You will also be advised to limit activity after surgery for at least 24 hours. After that, you can do light activities for about two to three days. Moderate to heavy activity like sports, lifting, and heavy work should be avoided for about a week. You should also avoid sex for a week as you could feel pain and notice blood in your semen if you ejaculate. 

It’s also important to note that it can take three to four months or about 20 ejaculations for the leftover sperm to be cleared from your tubes. As such, it is advised that an alternative form of birth control is used for a short period after the procedure. 

Four Vasectomy Myths Debunked

Despite plenty of evidence that supports the safety and effectiveness of vasectomies, it is not uncommon for misinformation to spread. If you are feeling anxious or nervous about having a vasectomy, this is normal, but you must have the right information so you can feel better about your decision. 

Myth #1: Sexual Performance and Pleasure Will Be Affected 

A vasectomy will NOT affect your sex drive, libido, or your testosterone levels. The nerves in the penis are also not impacted by a vasectomy, which means your ability to feel sensations or pleasure will not be affected. If anything, many who have the procedure report higher sexual satisfaction after a vasectomy due to fewer concerns about getting their partner pregnant. 

Myth #2: A Vasectomy Will Permanently Damage Sex Organs and Cause Erectile Dysfunction

The procedure focuses on the vas deferens, which means any other sexual organ or tissue should not be affected. Additionally, erections are the result of blood flow to the penis, and a vasectomy should not affect the blood supply to the penis. It is only in extremely rare cases that injury to blood supply can occur, which could result in the loss of a testicle, but there is a very low risk of this occurring if you work with an experienced and skilled physician. 

Myth #3: Vasectomies Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer

There has been no link made between vasectomies and prostate cancer. These are unfound concerns. The primary risks associated with the procedure are pain, bleeding, and infection, but these are considered rare. 

Myth #4: A Vasectomy Will Cause Severe Pain

As mentioned already, it is normal to experience minor pain and swelling after a vasectomy. However, severe pain is extremely rare and only occurs if there is a complication. In the majority of cases, pain is minimal and easily managed with medications like ibuprofen, and it goes away after a few days. 

Don’t Be Anxious. Speak With an Expert at Norman Urology Associates Today!

If you are considering a vasectomy but still have some questions and concerns, you should not hesitate to reach out to a doctor. It is perfectly normal to feel anxious, but an experienced physician should be able to answer any and all questions to alleviate your concerns. 

At Norman Urology Associates, our urologists are dedicated to providing the highest level of care. Visit us online or call us at 405-360-9966 for more information or to set up an appointment to speak with a urologist about your vasectomy.

Is It Urethral Stricture? Causes, Symptoms, and When to Schedule an Appointment with Your Urologist

Urethral stricture, though you may have never heard of it, is a medical condition that can affect anyone. It refers to the narrowing of the urethra, the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. When this tube becomes constricted or blocked, it can lead to various uncomfortable and potentially serious symptoms. This blog will define the causes and symptoms, and identify when to schedule an appointment with your urologist if you suspect you have a urethral stricture.

Understanding the Urethra

Before getting into the details of urethral strictures, it's important to understand the role of the urethra in the human body. The urethra is a small, muscular tube that connects the bladder to the external body. Its primary function is to transport urine from the bladder to be expelled from the body. In males, the urethra also plays a role in transporting semen. Given its importance, any restriction or blockage in the urethra can lead to significant problems.

Causes of Urethral Stricture

Urethral strictures can occur for various reasons, and the causes can differ between men and women. Common causes of urethral stricture include:

• Infections: Certain infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, can lead to inflammation and scarring in the urethra, potentially causing a stricture.

• Injury or Trauma: Physical injury to the pelvic region, including injury from accidents or medical procedures like catheterization, can lead to scarring and the development of strictures.

• Congenital Abnormalities: Some individuals may be born with urethral strictures, often due to developmental issues.

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): In men, an enlarged prostate can exert pressure on the urethra, leading to constriction and the development of strictures.

• Previous Urethral Surgery: Surgery involving the urethra, such as treatments for strictures or prostate issues, may lead to scarring and the development of new strictures.

Symptoms of Urethral Stricture

Recognizing the symptoms of urethral stricture is crucial, as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications. Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty urinating: Strictures can make it challenging to start urinating and maintain a steady stream.

• Urgency and frequent urination: You may feel the need to urinate more often and more urgently.

• Weak urine stream: The flow of urine may be weaker than usual.

• Pain or burning sensation: Discomfort or a burning sensation during urination can be indicative of a stricture.

• Spraying or dribbling: Urine may exit the body in a scattered or dribbling manner.

• Incomplete Emptying: You may feel as though your bladder isn't fully empty after urinating.

• Recurrent UTIs: Urethral strictures can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

• Blood in urine: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can sometimes occur.

Remember that the severity and combination of symptoms can vary from person to person. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional.

When to Schedule an Appointment with Your Urologist

If you suspect you may have a urethral stricture or are experiencing symptoms like those mentioned above, it's time to schedule an appointment with a urologist. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life. Here are some guidelines on when to seek medical advice:

• Persistent or worsening symptoms 

• Blood in urine

• Recurrent UTIs

• History of urethral trauma or surgery

• Sexually Transmitted Infections

• Prostate issues

It's important to remember that the urologists at Norman Urology Associates are specialists in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the urinary system, including urethral strictures. They have the expertise and tools needed to provide an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Schedule Your Visit With Norman Urology Associates

Urethral strictures can cause a range of uncomfortable urinary symptoms, making it essential to be aware of the potential causes and symptoms. If you suspect you may have a urethral stricture, or if you're experiencing any concerning urinary issues, don't hesitate to consult Norman Urology Associates. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve your quality of life and prevent complications associated with urethral strictures. We will work with you to diagnose the condition and recommend an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. Contact us today to schedule your appointment.

Pelvic Floor Reconstruction: What It Is and How It Can Help

If you suffer from a weak pelvic floor or pelvic organ prolapse, you’re not alone. An estimated 12-19% of women will be diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse, or POP, and will need surgery. While men can also suffer from pelvic floor-related issues, in this article we’re going to focus on women.

What Is the Pelvic Floor?

In very simple terms, the pelvic floor is what helps control the bladder and bowels and consists of a span of muscles at the bottom of the pelvis which supports organs, including:

• The uterus (or womb)

• The bladder (the pouch into which urine is deposited)

• The prostate

• The rectum (the area at the end of the large intestine where solid waste is stored)

In short, the pelvic floor is a structure that keeps everything in alignment as it should be.

What is Pelvic Floor Prolapse?

Pelvic floor prolapse is a condition where one or more pelvic organs (i.e. the uterus, bowel, bladder, or the top of the vagina) drop from their normal position causing a bulging sensation in the vagina.

Although POP (pelvic organ prolapse) isn’t life-threatening, patients often say they have pain or discomfort as a result of the condition.

If the prolapse is mild, the sinking organs may return to their normal position or improve as a result of physician-prescribed exercises. However, you and your doctor should monitor symptoms because POP can worsen with time.

In cases of mild prolapse, a doctor may prescribe exercises – like the Kegel – initially, but if symptoms don’t improve or are getting worse, your urologist may recommend surgery.

How Do I Know if I Might Have a Pelvic Floor Issue?

Even if your symptoms are mild, any or all of the following eight indicators can point to pelvic floor prolapse:

• Feeling fullness, heaviness, or pain in the pelvic area can be signs of a prolapse. In some women, even the act of coughing can bring on symptoms.

• Pain in the lower back

• A bulging sensation in the vagina

• Urinary incontinence

• Repetitive bladder infections

• Problems with defecation

• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse

• Difficulty inserting a tampon

If symptoms persist or worsen, your urologist may recommend surgery to correct the problem.

Things to Know about Pelvic Surgery

Sacrocolpopexy is a surgery that repairs prolapse of the vaginal vault to return the vagina to its normal position and function.

Cystocele is a condition that results when the wall between the bladder and vagina weakens causing the bladder to drop into the vagina). Cystocele repair is a procedure that targets the bladder specifically.

The good news is that surgery to address pelvic floor prolapse is in general a minimally invasive technique that allows doctors to reconstruct the pelvic floor without making a large abdominal incision using a procedure called a laparoscopic colposuspension

Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery

The procedure involves a robotic surgical platform. This platform consists of a four-armed robot (one arm controls a high-definition camera; the other three arms control the instruments).

The surgeon can control the robotic arms to achieve maximal dexterity, precision, and maneuverability. (It’s important to note that the surgeon is always in control; the robotic arms are never in control of the surgery itself.)

About 75.5% of patients who have had surgery reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied

with the results and 83.1% reported an improvement of symptoms as compared to their condition prior to surgery.

Call the Experts

If you are experiencing any symptoms associated with pelvic floor issues, it’s a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor.

The urologists at Norman Urology are dedicated to providing the highest level of care for women, men, and children.

We are committed to the detection, treatment, and prevention of urologic diseases using the latest technology and techniques, and our doctors can also walk you through the best, most effective exercises to help strengthen the pelvic floor.

If you’re experiencing symptoms associated with pelvic floor issues, schedule an appointment with us today.

10 Signs That It's Time to Visit a Urologist

When it comes to our health, we often prioritize regular check-ups with our primary care physicians. However, there are specific areas of our health that may require the expertise of a specialist. One such area is urology, which focuses on the health of our urinary system and certain reproductive organs. Knowing when it's time to consult a urologist is crucial for maintaining your overall well-being. In this blog post, we'll discuss ten signs that indicate it's time to visit a urologist.

1. Frequent Urination

If you find yourself making more trips to the bathroom than usual, especially during the night, it could be a sign of an underlying urological issue. Frequent urination can be caused by various conditions, including urinary tract infections, an enlarged prostate in men, or bladder issues. A urologist can help diagnose the root cause and provide appropriate treatment.

2. Blood in Urine

The presence of blood in your urine, a condition known as hematuria, is a concerning symptom that should never be ignored. It can be an early indicator of serious conditions like kidney stones, urinary tract infections, or even bladder or kidney cancer. 

3. Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. While ED can be associated with various factors, including psychological ones, it can also be due to an underlying urological condition such as low testosterone, Peyronie's disease, or vascular issues.

4. Pain or Discomfort in the Genital Area

Experiencing persistent pain or discomfort in the genital area, testicles, or pelvis should prompt a visit to a urologist. These symptoms could be related to conditions like testicular torsion, epididymitis, or prostate inflammation. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications.

5. Difficulty Urinating

Difficulty initiating or maintaining a urine stream, or experiencing pain while urinating, are common signs of urological problems. Conditions like urinary tract infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or urethral stricture can lead to these symptoms. Your urologist can assess your condition and recommend appropriate treatments.

6. Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence, the involuntary leakage of urine, is a prevalent issue, especially among women. However, it can affect men as well. This condition can be caused by factors such as weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, or an overactive bladder. 

7. Kidney Stones

If you've ever experienced the excruciating pain of passing a kidney stone, you know how important it is to address this issue promptly. Recurrent kidney stones can lead to complications and damage to the kidneys. Your urologist can help determine the cause of your kidney stones and develop a plan to prevent future occurrences.

8. Changes in Urine Color or Odor

Changes in the color or odor of your urine can be indicative of various urological issues. Dark or bloody urine, for instance, may be linked to kidney or bladder problems. Unpleasant-smelling urine could be a sign of an infection. If you notice persistent changes in your urine, it's essential to consult a urologist for evaluation.

9. Prostate Issues

Men over the age of 50 are at risk of developing prostate-related problems, such as an enlarged prostate (BPH) or prostate cancer. Symptoms may include difficulty urinating, frequent urination, or blood in the semen. Regular prostate screenings by a urologist are crucial for early detection and timely treatment.

10. Fertility Concerns

Couples struggling with infertility may need to consult a urologist, especially if male infertility is suspected. A urologist can assess sperm quality and quantity, identify potential causes of infertility, and recommend appropriate interventions or treatments to improve fertility.

Plan a Visit With Norman Urology Associates

Our urological health is integral to our overall well-being, and recognizing the signs that it's time to visit a urologist is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment. If you or a loved one experiences any of the symptoms mentioned above, don't hesitate to seek the expertise of the team at Norman Urology Associates. Regular check-ups and open communication with your healthcare providers can help you maintain optimal urological health and overall quality of life. Remember, your health matters, and addressing concerns promptly is the first step toward a healthier future. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.

Perimenopause and Your Urologic Health: What to Expect and When to Talk to Your Physician

During perimenopause, estrogen levels slowly decrease, causing changes to your urologic health. 

These symptoms can range from mildly bothersome to distressing. Fortunately, your doctor can suggest lifestyle changes or prescribe medicine to reduce discomfort.

What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause, a transitional period before menopause, can last from a few months to eight years. For some women, perimenopause begins in their mid-30s. For others, it doesn’t start until their 50s. For most women, it begins between 40 and 44. During perimenopause, your menstrual cycle becomes unpredictable. In addition to urologic problems, you may have mood changes, trouble concentrating, night sweats, headaches, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep disruption, and PMS-like symptoms.

Are Urological Changes Common During Perimenopause?

Urological changes are common in perimenopausal women. Women in early perimenopause and late perimenopause are 1.34 times and 1.52 times more likely to suffer from urinary incontinence than premenopausal women.  

What Causes These Changes? 

Estrogen is a sex hormone that maintains your uterine lining, increases sexual desire, and keeps your vagina lubricated and its walls thick. It affects the health of your heart and blood vessels, bones, skin, hair, breasts, and even cognitive function. Estrogen also plays a role in urinary function. It maintains your urethra and pelvic floor muscles, which support your bladder. When your estrogen levels decrease during perimenopause, your urinary tissues don’t function as well, and your bladder may weaken. 

These are some of the urologic changes you can expect in perimenopause: 

Overactive Bladder 

When your bladder is weaker, you have less control of it. That can result in an overactive bladder (OAB). OAB usually causes increased urgency to pee and more frequent visits to the bathroom. 

Stress Incontinence 

Thinner, weaker pelvic floor muscles can make you more likely to leak urine if you cough, sneeze, laugh, exercise, or lift heavy objects.

Bladder Prolapse 

Reduced estrogen in perimenopause weakens the connective tissues that support your bladder, which can cause the organ to prolapse or drop out of place. When this occurs, you are more likely to suffer from OAB and may also have difficulty urinating or experience urine leakage.

Frequent Bladder Infections 

Estrogen supports the Urobiome, the “good” microbiome of the urinary tract that helps prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Weakened urinary walls from estrogen fluctuation make it easier for “bad” bacteria to penetrate your urinary tissue. As a result, you may suffer from more frequent UTIs. 

When to See a Urologist

Although OAB, frequent UTIs, and bladder prolapse are common during perimenopause and menopause, you don’t have to accept these conditions if they cause discomfort or distress. These are signs it’s time to make an appointment with a urologist:  

• Persistent lower back pain may indicate you have a UTI that reached your kidneys 

• Urine leakage or more urgent or frequent urination

• Two or more UTI infections within six months or three in a year

• Pelvic or lower back discomfort or pain can be from bladder prolapse  

How Can a Urologist Help?  

A urologist can develop a treatment plan to address perimenopausal changes to your urologic health. It may include:  

•  Prescription medication for OAB 

• Topical estrogen to relieve symptoms of OAB and stress incontinence and reduce the frequency of recurrent UTIs

• Exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor, such as Kegels or yoga 

• Drinking fewer beverages that can irritate your bladder, such as caffeine and alcohol

• Surgery to repair pelvic organ prolapse

Help for Perimenopausal Changes to Your Urologic Health 

You don’t have to accept distressing perimenopausal changes to your urologic health. The compassionate physicians at Norman Urology Associates are excellent listeners and highly skilled specialists. Learn more about our practice. Let us know how we can help.  

Can Stress and Anxiety Cause Overactive Bladder?

Stress, anxiety, and an overactive bladder pose a circular problem. Suffering from overactive bladder (OAB) can cause stress and anxiety, and stress and anxiety can result in more frequent trips to the bathroom. 

In a recent study, 48% of participants with OAB had anxiety symptoms. Almost one-quarter had severe anxiety symptoms. Those with anxiety also had higher stress levels and more depression. 

What is OAB and What Causes It?  

If you suffer from overactive bladder, you have frequent, sudden, uncontrollable urges to urinate. 

OAB occurs when the signals between your bladder and brain aren’t working correctly. Usually, your nerves tell your brain to relax your pelvic floor and urethra muscles while your bladder tightens so you can empty your bladder. When your bladder is empty, your muscles are relaxed. 

If you suffer from OAB, it may be because the signals between your bladder and brain aren’t working correctly or because the muscles in your bladder are contracting before it is full. Either of these can cause a strong urge to urinate. 

Why Do Stress and Anxiety Exacerbate or Cause OAB? 

Doctors aren’t sure why these two conditions often go hand in hand, but they believe it may be because of the body’s natural “fight-or-flight” response, which increases your nervous system sensitivity. When you are anxious, your bladder muscles may contract, creating pressure. If you must run to the bathroom too often and it’s interfering with your social and work life, that can cause you to feel stressed. 

Another theory is that anxiety and stress cause muscle tension throughout your body, including your bladder, which increases the urge to urinate. Anxiety and depression are also associated with waking frequently throughout the night to use the bathroom. If you’re awake, you may use the bathroom more. 

Treating Overactive Bladder 

Fortunately, there are simple things you can do to relieve OAB symptoms caused by stress and anxiety. 

Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles

You can strengthen your pelvic floor muscles like any other muscle. Stronger pelvic floor muscles improve bladder control.  

Before attempting pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises), find your pelvic floor muscles. Lie down and contract your muscles like you are trying to stop yourself from urinating. You can also think of pulling in and lifting your genitals. 

For the exercises, start with an empty bladder. Hold your pelvic floor muscles for five seconds and keep your breath flowing. Then relax them for five seconds. Avoid using your stomach, leg, or buttock muscles. 

Repeat this exercise 10 times at least three times a day. Gradually increase the duration of time that you’re holding and resting from five to 10 seconds. 

Practice yoga and meditation

Practicing yoga has two benefits if you suffer from OAB. 

First, yoga is proven to reduce chronic stress and help you relax and be more mindful through stretching and breathing. Focusing on your breath allows you to shift your thoughts from the past or future to the present. A recent study found that women with urinary urge incontinence who participated in yoga saw substantial quality of life improvements.

Yoga also improves pelvic floor muscle strength and coordination, which reduces OAB symptoms. 

Consider behavioral therapy

Behavioral therapy combines education, diaries, and bladder training. To train your bladder, wait longer to urinate, gradually increasing the time between bathroom visits. Other behavioral modifications include restricting fluids and decreasing caffeine intake. 

Your doctor may ask you to keep a diary to record how much you drink, how often you urinate, and when you have urine leakage. That can help them identify what exacerbates your OAB symptoms so they can suggest lifestyle modifications.   

According to a recent study, behavioral therapy for OAB, either on its own or in combination with medication, is more effective than just medication treatment. 

Get Help for Overactive Bladder

You don’t have to live with distressing and uncomfortable OAB symptoms. At Norman Urology, we are experts in treating many urologic conditions including OAB. We will create a treatment plan to reduce discomfort, stress, and anxiety. Let us know how we can help. 

Eight Questions to Ask Your Urologist on Your First Visit to the Office

Seeing a urologist for the first time can be nerve-wracking. You often discuss the most sensitive, intimate details of your health. 

Prepare a list of questions before your first appointment so it is easier to initiate these difficult discussions and get the most out of your visit. 

Urologists are trained to discuss these delicate topics and will handle them with empathy and compassion.

Here are some questions you may want to ask your urologist at your first appointment:

1) What information do you need from me? 

Even if your urologist has a copy of your medical records, there may be information about your history that they don’t know. Brief them on any medications, over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and any procedures or surgeries you’ve had. Most importantly, be honest and tell them what is causing you pain, discomfort, or emotional distress. 

2) What treatment do you recommend? 

If your urologist can diagnose your condition on your first visit, they will also recommend a treatment. Treatments may include medication, surgery, or simple lifestyle changes. 

3) What could be causing my symptoms? 

While your urologist might not be able to tell you what is causing your symptoms on the first visit, they may be able to rule out some conditions. 

4) How will you diagnose my condition? 

If your urologist can’t diagnose the cause of your condition with a physical exam, they will order additional tests. Most are noninvasive. Some tests include MRI or CT scans, which show 3-D images to determine if a mass is cancerous, or urinalysis to diagnose a urinary tract infection. Others include ultrasound, which can identify kidney blockages or other conditions, electromyography, cystoscopy, or a biopsy.  

5) When will I get the results of the diagnostic tests? At the visit, or do I need to come back for a follow-up appointment in person or virtually?

Results of some diagnostic tests are available immediately, and your urologist can discuss them with you at the same visit. Others can take a few days. A biopsy may take up to two weeks. In these cases, they will schedule a follow-up appointment to explain the results and what you can expect for the next steps. 

6) Are there changes I can make to improve my condition? 

Sometimes you can make simple lifestyle changes to improve a urological condition. Women experiencing painful sex can strengthen their pelvic floor with at-home exercises that relieve symptoms. Staying hydrated to flush out your urinary system can decrease your chances of kidney stones or urinary tract infections. Even some basic actions like improving your diet and exercising can make a big difference. 

7) Are there signs I should keep in mind?  

You should never ignore the symptoms of a urological condition. Recurrent bladder infections, painful urination or blood in your urine, groin pain, lower back pain, and urine leakage can be benign or more serious.

8) Does age affect my urological health? 

As you age, you can expect natural changes to your urological system, including reduced kidney function and bladder capacity, enlarged prostate in men, or menopause-related urethra changes for women. Ask your doctor what to watch out for as you age, what is normal, and when to be concerned.  

Norman Urology: Compassionate Urological Care 

The physicians at Norman Urology are ready to answer any question you have about your urological health. Our doctors are great listeners! We treat every patient with the utmost sensitivity and professionalism. Let us know how we can help. 

Inclusive Urologic Care - Promoting Wellness for the LGBTQ Community

Members of the LGBTQ community have specific health needs that historically haven’t always been addressed by medical professionals. Addressing this challenge is especially important in urologic care, where discussing patients’ sexuality is crucial. 

More than ever, urologists must advocate for their non-heterosexual patients. The percentage of adults in the United States who identify as other than heterosexual has doubled from 3.5 percent in 2012 to 7.1 percent in 2022. 

In addition, as of 2022, 21 percent of Gen Z adults identified as LGBTQ, almost double the percent of millennials and nearly five times more than Gen X. This trend is expected to continue as younger generations begin to represent a greater percentage of the total United States population.

LGBTQ individuals are more likely to have mental and physical health challenges than the heterosexual population, including:

• Diabetes

• Moderate to severe overactive bladder

• High blood pressure

• Depression

• Substance abuse 

• Suicidal tendencies 

These risks are partially because of a history of discrimination toward the LGBTQ community. As a result, they may mistrust their medical professionals or suffer from chronic stress when seeking medical care which can impact their overall health.  

LGBTQ patients must be comfortable sharing their sexual history, sexual orientation, and gender identity without fear of judgment. Here’s how urologists strive to provide thorough, sensitive care to their LGBTQ patients. 

Creating an Open, Inclusive Environment 

Patients who don’t disclose their sexual orientation and/or general identity are at risk of endangering their health and experiencing complications. Therefore, they must trust their medical professionals so they can be honest about their sexuality. Urologists create an open, inclusive environment with “cues” that make all patients feel welcome, regardless of their gender identity or sexual orientation. Some simple way to do that is to provide brochures and posters that target the LGBTQ community.

They can also signal their acceptance of the LGBTQ community by providing gender-neutral bathrooms within office spaces and encouraging inclusivity and tolerance with regular staff training. 

Urologists can demonstrate they don’t assume their patients are heterosexual by using pronouns, sexual identity, and gender identity questions on intake forms, and using gender-neutral terms such as partner rather than husband or wife. 

Asking Specific Questions 

Doctors don’t always discuss patient sexuality in medical settings but must do so in urological clinics. There is a sizable variation in what type of sexual activities members of the LGBTQ community engage in. Some carry a higher risk for specific sexually transmitted infections, require monitoring for specific types of cancer, or require consideration before choosing treatment for prostate cancer or other conditions.

Urologists ask open-ended questions such as “What questions do you have about your sexual health?” or “Do you have any concerns or questions about your sexuality?” so patients are more comfortable openly discussing their sexual activities. This allows them to make well-informed medical decisions, provide optimal urological care, and advocate for their patients. 

Norman Urology - Inclusive Urological Care

The well-trained professionals at Norman Urology are committed to providing excellent urological care to all patients, regardless of gender orientation or sexual identity. Our doctors aren’t just professionals, they are great listeners! We treat every patient with the utmost sensitivity and professionalism and are grateful you put your trust in us. Let us know how we can help.

How Stress Can Affect Your Urinary Health

Those who contend with urinary tract infections (UTIs), Interstitial Cystitis (IC), urinary incontinence (UI), or an overactive bladder (OB) are familiar with the distress these conditions can cause. 

But you may be surprised that stress also impacts your chances of having one of these conditions and can worsen your symptoms. 

Multiple studies have proven the link between chronic stress and lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction. It can also cause a vicious cycle – stress causes symptoms, and the symptoms cause more anxiety.  

Why Does Stress Contribute to LUT Dysfunction? 

Scientists aren’t sure why there is a relationship between stress and LUT symptoms, but they do have some theories.  

UTIs

UTIs are the result of bacteria spreading into your bladder from the urethra. While it is not a cause of UTIs, stress raises cortisol levels. High cortisol levels can decrease your body’s resistance to infections such as UTIs.  

Overactive Bladder 

Your body’s fight-or-flight response can make your nervous systems more sensitive. If you suffer from OB, this sensitivity can overstimulate your bladder. Another possible reason for the correlation is that stress can cause you to tense your muscles, increasing your urge to urinate. 

Interstitial Cystitis

IC is a chronic condition that causes bladder pressure and pain as well as pelvic pain. Like UTIs, stress doesn’t cause IC, but physical or psychological stress can cause flare-ups or intensify the pain of this frustrating condition.  

Urinary Incontinence 

Urinary incontinence is difficulty holding urine in your bladder. Weakened pelvic floor muscles, one of the leading causes of urinary incontinence, can be caused by stress. There are a range of other UI causes, including pregnancy and delivery, aging, and pelvic organ prolapse. Just as with OB, the effect of mental stress on your muscles can cause or worsen this condition. 

Manage and Improve Urinary Symptoms 

Fortunately, there are ways to manage and reduce LUT symptoms. 

If you suffer from overactive bladder or urinary incontinence, keep a diary of how much you drink and how often you urinate or leak urine. This can help you determine which stress reduction methods will be most effective.  

1. Yoga

The purpose of yoga to improve LUTs is two-fold. First, yoga can strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. Second, it can help you activate your mind and body, and some poses and breathing techniques can help you control negative thoughts that cause stress. 

1. Mindfulness stress reduction 

Mindfulness stress reduction is a complementary, alternative therapy that incorporates meditation and yoga. Research has proven it is effective in helping people with interstitial cystitis reduce their symptoms or feel more empowered to control them.

1. Spend time with your pet 

Petting your dog can lower the stress hormone cortisol and increase levels of oxytocin, the feel-good bonding hormone. 

1. Take a warm bath 

A warm bath can activate your parasympathetic nervous system, which calms your body after stress or danger. It can also relieve pain and relax your muscles. 

1.  Exercise

Exercise produces endorphins, natural painkillers that elevate your mood, and reduces stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. 

1.  Get enough sleep

Getting at least seven hours of sleep a night reduces cortisol levels. People who catch enough ZZZs are usually calmer and better able to control their emotions when facing negative situations. 

Compassionate Care for Urinary Symptoms 

 The physicians and staff at Norman Urology are fully committed to serving the urological needs of Norman and surrounding communities. We can help you manage your urinary symptoms. Our specialists aren’t just highly knowledgeable; they are also excellent listeners. Let us know how we can help. 

An Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer? What African American Men Should Know

Prostate cancer is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of men worldwide. As the second most common cancer among men (lung cancer is number one), 1.6 million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year and 366,000 men die from the disease. While there are certain lifestyle and dietary behaviors that can increase a man’s risk of developing prostate cancer, the largest contributing factor is genetics. In fact, African American men are not only more likely to develop prostate cancer in their lifetime than men of other races, but they are also twice as likely to die from the disease. In this blog, we will cover the factors contributing to the higher risk in African American men, as well as what measures they can take to protect themselves. By understanding the unique challenges faced by African American men, we aim to empower individuals and promote informed decision-making for better prostate health.

Understanding the Increased Risk

Research studies have consistently shown that African American men are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer compared to men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. According to the American Cancer Society, African American men are about 76% more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer and more than twice as likely to die from it compared to Caucasian men. Studies from the Henry Ford Center for Health indicate that prostate cancer in African American men often presents in a mutated form that is a more aggressive version of the disease and is commonly in a more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The reasons for this increased risk are multifaceted and still being studied, but various factors contribute to this disparity.

Potential Contributing Factors

While the exact causes of the increased risk are not yet fully understood, researchers have identified several potential factors that may contribute to the higher incidence of prostate cancer among African American men. These factors include both genetic and non-genetic influences. Genetic factors involve inherited gene mutations or variations that may increase susceptibility to the disease. Non-genetic factors include:

• Lifestyle choices

• Socioeconomic factors

• Diet

• Healthcare disparities

All of these can impact an individual's overall health and access to preventive measures. Al Roker’s prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment journey have been very public. Al has used his position in the media as a way to get information out there about African American men’s risk of prostate cancer as well as difficulties with finding proper care in the healthcare industry.

The Importance of Regular Screenings

Regular prostate cancer screenings, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests and digital rectal exams (DRE), are crucial for early detection and effective management of the disease. Given the increased risk faced by African American men, it is imperative for individuals to prioritize regular screenings and open conversations about prostate health with healthcare professionals like the physicians at Norman Urology. Early detection allows for timely interventions, potentially improving treatment outcomes and overall survival rates. It is important to note that age-specific guidelines and recommendations may vary, so consulting with your doctor is essential to establish a screening schedule tailored to your individual risk factors and medical history.

Resources for Prevention and Treatment

Fortunately, numerous resources are available to help African American men navigate the challenges associated with prostate cancer. National organizations, such as the Prostate Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society, offer comprehensive information, educational materials, and support networks specifically addressing the needs of African American men. Additionally, community outreach programs, support groups, and clinical trials provide valuable opportunities for education, prevention, and access to cutting-edge treatment options.

Schedule Your Appointment Today

Raising awareness about the increased risk of prostate cancer among African American men is crucial for promoting early detection, reducing disparities, and improving health outcomes. The most important thing that African American men can do to protect their prostate health is to schedule regular screenings. The physicians at Norman Urology are experts in prostate health and are trained to detect and treat prostate cancer early on.

Schedule an appointment with us today and take the first steps to protect yourself and your future health.

The Effects of Smoking on Bladder Health

Most people associate smoking with lung cancer and respiratory disease, but smoking can affect other major organs including your bladder. But how? More on that below. First, a few statistics:

• 40 million U.S. adults still smoke despite widespread awareness of negative health consequences.

• According to the American Cancer Society, smokers are 3 times more likely to get bladder cancer. 

• Former smokers are two times more likely to develop bladder cancer than those who never smoked.

Those are some eye-opening numbers.

How Does Smoking Affect My Bladder?

As stated above, the public discourse around cigarette smoking usually focuses heavily on the damage it causes the lungs. And so it should. But these same toxins are responsible for a staggering 50% of all bladder cancer cases, so it would be foolish to gloss over the negative effect smoking has on the urinary tract organs.

When you smoke, there’s a laundry list of toxic chemicals your body absorbs each time you inhale. And at some point, your body needs to expel those toxins, and it does so partially via the gastrointestinal and urinary systems.

Urine stored in the bladder (sometimes for hours at a time) is concentrated. That means the bladder itself is exposed to very high concentrations of the same toxins you inhale with each cigarette. 

Chemical Soup

So what exactly are these chemicals? According to the American Cancer Society, the following chemicals can be found in cigarettes:

• Nicotine (a well-known, highly addictive substance)

• Hydrogen cyanide

• Formaldehyde

• Lead

• Arsenic

• Ammonia

• Radioactive elements including polonium-210

• Benzene

• Carbon monoxide 

• Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

This list can only be described as shocking. Arsenic and cyanide are both poisons and formaldehyde is the substance used to store cadavers long-term. 

Urine containing a concentrated amount of these cancer-causing toxins can sit for hours before the bladder is voided. It’s a sobering idea because toxins of this nature can change the cells of the bladder lining and can even inhibit DNA cell repair. 

Studies have shown that vaping can also trigger cancer-related damage to bladder tissue, so it is not necessarily ‘safer’ than smoking a regular cigarette.  

The bottom line? The number one way to reduce your risk of bladder cancer is to stop smoking altogether.

What Are Some Common Signs of Bladder Cancer?

Because symptoms can present as relatively mild, some patients don’t realize they have cancer,  and so are diagnosed in later stages of the disease. Blood in the urine (hematuria) is the most common early symptom of bladder cancer, but other symptoms can include:

• UTI-like symptoms (Urinary Tract Infection)

• Recurrent bladder infections

• Frequent or burning urination

• Unexplained pain (usually in the flank area, abdomen, or pelvis)

When Should I See My Doctor?

The good news is that bladder cancer is highly treatable in its early stages. We recommend patients see a doctor immediately upon experiencing any of these symptoms. Even if the cause is something relatively innocuous, like a UTI, it’s best to know so it can be treated. 

If your doctor suspects a more serious underlying condition, they may perform a Transurethral Resection of a Bladder Tumor (TURBT). This allows a surgeon to place a scope through the urethra into the bladder to remove tumors from the bladder wall. 

This procedure allows a urologist to perform a biopsy of the bladder wall to make a definitive diagnosis of cancer. 

The physicians at Norman Urology are experts in this field and are trained to detect and treat bladder cancer early on. 
If you feel you may be at risk for bladder cancer, why not schedule an appointment with us today?

Overcoming Nocturia: It’s Time to Get Some Sleep

There is no question about it. Disrupted sleep has many negative health consequences.  Nocturia is one of the leading causes.

You should be able to sleep six to eight hours without waking up to urinate. If you wake up more than once at night to use the bathroom and feel sluggish and sleepy during the day, you likely have nocturia.

Nocturia is extremely common. It affects 50 million people in the United States, including 50% of adults over 50. After age 50, it’s more common in men and people assigned male at birth. Before 50, it’s more common for women, and people assigned female at birth.

However, only 10 million people are diagnosed with this frustrating health condition. Of those, only 1.5 million receive treatment.

You must seek advice from a doctor if you think you have nocturia. The sleep disturbances it causes can result in health consequences, including increased response to stress, reduced quality of life, mental health problems and mood disorders, behavior problems, and memory deficits.

Fortunately, there are ways to overcome nocturia and get a good night’s sleep.

What Causes Nocturia?

Several behaviors and conditions lead to nocturia. The most common include:

• Drinking too much fluid before you go to bed

• Behavioral patterns, such as training yourself to wake up to urinate even if you don’t need to, or waking up for another reason and immediately going to the bathroom

• Certain medications, such as diuretics 

• Sleep disorders, such as insomnia or sleep apnea

• Reduced bladder capacity due to bladder obstruction, swelling, or infection

Underlying health conditions can also cause nocturia. Those include:

• Polyuria, which is when your body produces more urine than your bladder can hold

• Diabetes 

• High blood pressure 

• Edema that causes accumulation of fluid in the lower limbs

• Enlarged prostate or prostate obstruction

• Heart disease or congestive heart failure due to fluid building up in your extremities 

• Pelvic organ prolapse or weakened pelvic floor muscles after you have a baby

• Pregnancy, due to hormonal changes that can cause the ligaments of your urethra to soften and loosen, making it more difficult to control how often you urinate

• Loss of estrogen during menopause

• Restless leg syndrome

Overcoming Nocturia 

To treat nocturia, your doctor must first determine if you have an underlying disorder that is causing it. 

The first line of treatment is lifestyle changes, including restricting evening fluid intake, especially caffeine and alcohol, elevating your legs or using compression socks to redistribute and prevent fluid buildup, and taking short naps to help alleviate your fatigue.

Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat nocturia, such as antidiuretics which cause you to produce less urine. Other drugs that treat nocturia include anticholinergics, which block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from binding to nerve cells and inhibit nerve impulses that control involuntary muscle movements in the urinary tract, and antimuscarinics, which also block acetylcholine receptors. Some of those medications include:

• Darifenacin

• Festerodine

• Oxybutynin

• Solifenacin

• Tolterodine

• Trospium

Estrogen creams can restore vaginal and urethral tissue and pelvic floor muscle elasticity to help women with nocturia from stress incontinence.

Get Help for Nocturia

You don’t have to suffer from exhaustion. The specialists at Norman Urology can help identify the cause of your nocturia and create a treatment plan. Schedule an appointment today.

How Alcohol Affects Your Bladder, Liver, and Sexual Health

Occasionally, having a glass of wine, beer, or a cocktail is usually harmless. However, overusing alcohol can seriously affect your bladder, liver, and sexual health. 

Alcohol and Your Bladder 

Alcohol is a diuretic that causes increased urine production and water loss through urine. It does this by inhibiting vasopressin, a hormone that regulates water excretion. Alcohol’s diuretic effect can also cause dehydration and more concentrated urine, irritating and inflaming your bladder lining. The result can be an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Other ways alcohol can affect your bladder health include: 

Overactive bladder 

Alcohol’s irritating effect on the bladder can exacerbate an overactive bladder or urinary incontinence. 

Incontinence

Holding large quantities of concentrated urine for prolonged periods can weaken your bladder, ultimately causing urine to leak. 

Alcohol and Your Liver

Your liver has several crucial functions, including producing bile to help you digest food, removing waste, breaking down fats, producing substances that help your blood clot, and storing sugar for energy. It also cleans toxins out of your body.

Your liver has an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which causes a chemical reaction that metabolizes alcohol. However, each time your liver breaks down the alcohol, your liver releases a toxin that damages or kills liver cells. Your liver can develop new cells, but drinking too much alcohol over time compromises regeneration.  The result is liver disease and severe and permanent liver damage. 

These are the three types of liver damage resulting from excessive alcohol consumption: 

Alcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis

The harmful substance your liver develops to break down alcohol can damage your liver cells. That causes inflammation and weakens your body’s natural defenses. Eventually, it causes fatty liver disease.

Alcohol-induced hepatitis 

Chronic alcohol use produces excessive fat and toxins. If your liver overloads and can’t process these substances, the fat builds until your liver is permanently inflamed. Eventually, this inflammation kills liver cells.  The result is alcohol-induced hepatitis, the second stage of alcohol-related liver disease. 

Cirrhosis

Scar tissue develops in your liver if it is damaged by excessive alcohol use or infection. Eventually, it builds up and replaces most of your liver cells, preventing your liver from functioning as it should. It is usually irreversible.

Alcohol and Your Sexual Health

Alcohol is a depressant that slows down your central nervous system. It also causes dehydration. Together, these can affect your sexual health. 

Erectile dysfunction

Consuming large amounts of alcohol can cause erectile dysfunction, making it challenging to get or maintain an erection. When you become aroused, your brain tells your penis to fill with blood to become erect. If you consume too much alcohol, your brain doesn’t function as quickly, which means those messages may not get to your brain quickly or at all.

Dehydration

As a diuretic, alcohol decreases your body’s blood volume and inhibits circulation. That reduces the blood flow to your penis, making it harder to get an erection. Dehydration also increases your body’s level of angiotensin, a hormone that can cause your blood vessels to constrict, further reducing your circulation and causing erectile dysfunction. 

Reduced desire and arousal

For both men and women, alcohol use can cause diluted sexual desire and less intense or delayed orgasms. Like men, women’s arousal depends on good blood circulation. When alcohol negatively affects blood circulation, women may struggle to become aroused or reach orgasm.

Compassionate Urological Care 

The experienced physicians at Norman Urology Associates are available to discuss any urological concerns affecting your health and well-being. Visit our website for more information about our practice and to schedule an appointment with one of our specialists.